IGNOU, Kanshiram Varsity join hands to promote Urdu

Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) and Kanshiram Urdu Arabic-Persian University will together start study centres in each district of UP to promote teaching of Urdu at certificate, diploma and degree levels. A memorandum of understanding (MoU) signed between IGNOU, New Delhi and Urdu-Arabic and Persian University, Lucknow, was inked on April 1 2011  for cooperation in achieving the common goals of higher education, said an official release. IGNOU presently has enrolment of around 35 lakh students and is the largest university in the world offering more then 300 courses through open university and distance education mode. Kanshiram Urdu University was set up by the UP government in October 2009 to promote Urdu, Arabic and Persian languages and to enable the linguistic minorities to become employable by acquiring higher and need based education. Both the universities have agreed to offer joint degree, diploma and certificate programmes with particular emphasis on the promotion of Urdu, Arabic and Persian along with vocational and other important subjects. This will also include vocational and other courses run through Urdu medium as also through distance learning and online mode. Both universities will undertake and support staff training in the techniques and management, facilitate inter-institutional communication links, support evaluation and applied research.

India drafts agenda to spread IT literacy

According to the draft agenda,the government will make one person Information Technology (IT) literate in every household by 2020

New Delhi: The Government of India plans to make one person Information Technology (IT) literate in every household by 2020.

Giving details of the agenda of the Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY) for 2013, IT and Communications Minister Kapil Sibal said that one IT literate person in 10 lakh households, is the target for the current year.

Have govt schemes failed Muslims?

Six years ago, the Sachar Committee report showed that the Muslim community in India suffers from severe deprivations in education, employment, health services, public infrastructure, access to financial services leading to much higher poverty than other religious groups, somewhat like the condition of scheduled castes and tribes. The government responded by setting up a separate ministry for minority affairs, and launching several programs to provide benefits to the Muslims. 

    How have these programmes fared? 

AND 

What is the condition of Muslims in the key areas that the Sachar committee had underlined? 

    A report authored by Abusaleh Sharif, member secretary of the Sachar committee and the man widely regarded as being the main author of that committee’s report, indicates that not much has changed. The report has been released by the US-India Policy Institute of which Sharif is now the chief scholar. 

    In a unique exercise, Sharif has calculated that providing education to Muslim and SC/ST communities would on its own boost the GDP growth rate up to 12%. At present, Muslims contribute only 11.2% to the country’s GDP while dalits and adivasis contribute only 16.5%. This is because these communities are poorly educated and forced to work in traditional and low value creating occupations. In traditional services, the share of Muslims and SC/STs in the workforce is about 18% each while in modern services their respective shares are just 8 and 14%.

New Year Greetings

Wishing You and Your Family a Very Very Happy New Year 2013. 

May Every Moment of Coming Year Give You Happiness , Peace , Joy 

and Success.

Naveen Raj Bhatia 

01.01.2013

URDU in India

Source : http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article1094.html

MAINSTREAM, VOL XLVII, NO 1, DECEMBER 20, 2008

Status of Urdu in India

BASED ON ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE CENSUS 2001

Syed Shahabuddin

On December 13, 2007 the Census of India has released the Language Data of Census 2001, after an incomprehensible delay of more than six years. It is yet to be published in book form but it is available on the official website of the Registrar General of India (censusindia.gov.in) and on CD. The Census covers 22 Scheduled Languages and 86 Non-Scheduled Languages.

Poetry of pain

A play depicting the life of Faiz Ahmad Faiz through his verses provided thrilling fare for theatre goers

It was a most thrilling evening in the theatre, an evening celebrating the poetry of Faiz Ahmad Faiz, one of the most outstanding Urdu poets. The play “Bol Ke Lab Aazad Hain Tere” was staged on the occasion by Abhigyan Natya Association at Shri Ram Centre this past week, as part of the Modern Theatre Festival organised by the Sahitya Kala Parishad, Delhi.

Written by Parvez Ahmed, a senior journalist, novelist and playwright, the title of the play is drawn from Faiz Ahmad Faiz’s famous poem written when he was in prison. The playwright has created a narrator who also participates in the dramatic action. This storytelling device provides the narrative uninterrupted flow. The main focus is on Faiz’s poetry. Pakistan’s political history and the events in the personal life of Faiz which inspired the poet to compose poems form the backdrop of the play. Some of the memorable pieces are those written when he was behind bars. These poems are a call to all oppressed humanity to rise unitedly against tyrants.

In fact, we have witnessed several plays and dramatised versions of Faiz’s poetry in the past. The musical play “Dard Aayega Dabe Paon” by Sheela Bhatia is considered a classical production. During his centenary celebrations last year a number of plays were staged. More recent plays written by Danish Iqbal — “Kuchh Ishq Kiya Kuch Kaam” and “Chand Roz Aur Meri Jaan — are significant works that have enriched Urdu theatre in the Capital.

National Seminar on Urdu litterateur Dr. Abu Muhammad Sahar in Bhopal

By Pervez Bari, TwoCircles.net,

Bhopal: A two-day National Seminar on the life and literary pursuits of Urdu litterateur late Dr. Abu Muhammad Sahar of Bhopal (1928-2002), who was a critic, linguist and poet, is being held here on December 22 and 23 at the Madhya Pradesh Urdu Academy’s premises in the Mulla Ramoozi auditorium.

Dr. Aziz Qureshi, the Governor of Uttarkhand, will be the chief guest at the inaugural function of the seminar which would be presided over by Dr. Khwaja Ikramuddin, Director of National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language, (NCPUL), New Delhi. Prof. Akhtarul-Wasey, Director of Dr. Zakir Husain Institute of Islamic Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, would be the guest of honour on the occasion.

Dr. Abu Muhammad Sahar

The keynote address of the seminar will be delivered by Dr. Mukhtar Shamim in the inaugural session. Mr. Owais Arab, president of Association of Indian Muslims, (AIM), Bhopal, will give the welcome address.

The valedictory function of the seminar on December 23 will be presided over by well-known Urdu critic Prof. Afaq Ahmad and Mr. Habeeb Ahmad (both from Bhopal). The seminar is being organised by AIM in collaboration with NCPUL, Madhya Pradesh Urdu Academy and Chitransh ADPG College, Bhopal, which have jointly sponsored it.

Govt committed for promotion of Urdu: Akhilesh

Lucknow: Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav on Thursday asserted that his government will take all necessary steps for the development of Urdu language.

"Urdu is an important language which enhances social harmony and is also being used in official work. Government has taken several steps for its development in the past and will take more such decisions in coming months. It has also increased the budget for development of Urdu," Akhilesh said.

Urdu Promotion in UP

Question and Answers of "C" Language (Module VI) One Year Diploma Course (Part-VII)

61. What do the ‘c’ and ‘v’ in argc and argv stand for?

Ans: The c in argc(argument count) stands for the number of command line argument the program is
invoked with and v in argv(argument vector) is a pointer to an array of character string that contain the arguments.

62. IMP>what are C tokens?

Ans: There are six classes of tokens: identifier, keywords, constants, string literals, operators and other separators.

63. What are C identifiers?

Ans: These are names given to various programming element such as variables, function, arrays.It is a combination of letter, digit and underscore.It should begin with letter. Backspace is not allowed.

64. Difference between syntax vs logical error?

Ans:
Syntax Error 
1-These involves validation of syntax of language.
2-compiler prints diagnostic message.
Logical Error
1-logical error are caused by an incorrect algorithm or by a statement mistyped in such a way
that it doesn’t violet syntax of language.
2-difficult to find.

65. What is preincrement and post increment?


Ans: ++n (pre increment) increments n before its value is used in an assignment operation or any
expression containing it. n++ (post increment) does increment after the value of n is used.

66. Write a program to interchange 2 variables without using the third one.


Ans:
a ^= b; ie a=a^b
b ^= a; ie b=b^a;
a ^= b ie a=a^b;
here the numbers are converted into binary and then xor operation is performed.
You know, you’re just asking “have you seen this overly clever trick that’s not worth applying on
modern architectures and only really applies to integer variables?”

67. What is the maximum combined length of command line arguments including the space between adjacent arguments?


Ans: It depends on the operating system.

68. What are bit fields? What is the use of bit fields in a Structure declaration?

Ans: A bit field is a set of adjacent bits within a single implementation based storage unit that we
will call a “word”.
The syntax of field definition and access is based on structure.
Struct {
unsigned int k :1;
unsigned int l :1;
unsigned int m :1;
}flags;
the number following the colon represents the field width in bits.Flag is a variable that contains three bit fields.

69. What is a preprocessor, what are the advantages of preprocessor?

Ans: A preprocessor processes the source code program before it passes through the compiler.
1- a preprocessor involves the readability of program
2- It facilitates easier modification
3- It helps in writing portable programs
4- It enables easier debugging
5- It enables testing a part of program
6- It helps in developing generalized program

70. What are the facilities provided by preprocessor?
Ans:
1-file inclusion
2-substitution facility
3-conditional compilation

Question and Answers of "C" Language (Module VI) One Year Diploma Course (Part-V)

40. What is dynamic memory allocation?

Ans: A dynamic memory allocation uses functions such as malloc() or calloc() to get memory dynamically. If these functions are used to get memory dynamically and the values returned by these function are assigned to pointer variables, such a way of allocating memory at run time is known as dynamic memory allocation.

41. What is the purpose of realloc?


Ans: It increases or decreases the size of dynamically allocated array. The function realloc (ptr,n) uses two arguments. The first argument ptr is a pointer to a block of memory for which the size is to be altered. The second argument specifies the new size. The size may be increased or decreased. If sufficient space is not available to the old region the function may create a new region.

42. What is pointer to a pointer?


Ans: If a pointer variable points another pointer value. Such a situation is known as a pointer to a pointer.
Example:
int *p1,**p2,v=10;
P1=&v; p2=&p1;
Here p2 is a pointer to a pointer.

43. What is an array of pointers?


Ans: if the elements of an array are addresses, such an array is called an array of pointers.

44. Difference between linker and linkage?


Ans: Linker converts an object code into an executable code by linking together the necessary built in
functions. The form and place of declaration where the variable is declared in a program determine the linkage of variable.

45. Is it possible to have negative index in an array?


Ans: Yes it is possible to index with negative value provided there are data stored in this location. Even if it is illegal to refer to the elements that are out of array bounds, the compiler will not produce error because C has no check on the bounds of an array.

46. Why is it necessary to give the size of an array in an array declaration?


Ans: When an array is declared, the compiler allocates a base address and reserves enough space in
memory for all the elements of the array. The size is required to allocate the required space and hence size must be mentioned.

47. What modular programming?


Ans: If a program is large, it is subdivided into a number of smaller programs that are called modules or subprograms. If a complex problem is solved using more modules, this approach is known as modular programming.

48. What is a function?


Ans: A large program is subdivided into a number of smaller programs or subprograms. Each subprogram
specifies one or more actions to be performed for the larger program. Such sub programs are called functions.

49. What is an argument?


Ans: An argument is an entity used to pass data from the calling to a called function.

50. What are built in functions?


Ans: The functions that are predefined and supplied along with the compiler are known as built-in functions. They are also known as library functions.